Nigeria Battles Deadly Lassa Fever Outbreak as Cases Surge Past 650
October 13, 2025 — Nigerian health authorities are grappling with a severe Lassa fever outbreak that has claimed 122 lives so far this year, with officials warning that transmission risks are intensifying as the country enters peak season for the deadly viral disease.
The Numbers Tell a Grim Story
According to the latest epidemiological data released by Nigeria’s Centre for Disease Control, the country has recorded 659 confirmed Lassa fever cases in 2025 through the end of March, with a concerning fatality rate of 18.5% — meaning nearly one in five infected patients are dying from the disease.
While recent data from Epi Week 13 (ending March 30) shows a decline in new cases — dropping from 41 to 14 week-over-week — health experts caution against complacency. Three additional deaths were reported during that same period, and authorities in Kano State have issued fresh public health advisories warning residents that transmission risks are actually increasing as environmental conditions favor the spread of the virus.
Three States Bear the Brunt
The outbreak has hit hardest in three Nigerian states:
- Ondo State
- Bauchi State
- Edo State
These regions account for the majority of cases and deaths, prompting targeted interventions and resource deployment by federal health authorities.
National Emergency Response Activated
In response to the escalating crisis, Nigeria has activated its National Incident Management System, a coordinated emergency framework designed to manage public health threats. Health workers are conducting intensified contact tracing to identify and monitor individuals who may have been exposed to the virus.
Kano State authorities are urging residents to adopt strict preventive measures, including:
- Enhanced personal and environmental hygiene practices
- Aggressive rodent control measures (Lassa fever is transmitted through contact with food or household items contaminated by infected rodents)
- Immediate medical attention for anyone experiencing fever, headache, sore throat, or other symptoms
A Seasonal Threat
Lassa fever is endemic to West Africa and typically peaks during the dry season when human-rodent contact increases. The multimammate rat, which carries the virus, is common in the region and often enters homes in search of food.
Health officials report that no new healthcare workers were infected during the most recent reporting period — a positive sign that infection control protocols in medical facilities may be working. However, the continuing death toll underscores the urgent need for public awareness, early detection, and access to treatment.
What You Need to Know
Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic illness that can cause severe complications including bleeding, respiratory distress, and organ failure. Early diagnosis and supportive care significantly improve survival rates, making rapid medical intervention critical.
Nigerian health authorities are calling on international partners and organizations to support outbreak response efforts as the country works to contain the spread and prevent additional deaths in the coming months.
This is a developing public health situation. Updates will be provided as new information becomes available.